Thursday, September 3, 2020

Heart Of Darkness Essays (1110 words) - Congo Free State

Heart of Darkness In Joseph Conrad's book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from development, surpassed by ravenousness, abuse, and material interests from his own sort. Conrad creates subjects of individual force, singular duty, and social equity. His book has all the trappings of the ordinary experience story - riddle, extraordinary setting, escape, tension, startling assault. The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the Belgian Congo. Conrad utilizes Marlow, the principle character in the book, as a storyteller so he himself can enter the story and tell it out of his own philosophical psyche. Conrad's journeys to the Atlantic and Pacific, what's more, the shorelines of Seas of the East brought complexities of oddity and outlandish disclosure. When Conrad brought his nerve racking excursion into the Congo in 1890, reality had gotten unequivocal. The African adventure considered as his plummet along with hellfire. He returned attacked by the ailment and mental interruption which sabotaged his wellbeing for the remaining long periods of his life. Marlow's excursion into the Congo, as Conrad's excursion, was likewise important. Marlow encountered the savage danger of nature, the apathy of the real world, and the good dimness. We have seen that significant thought processes in Heart of Darkness associate the white men with the Africans. Conrad realized that the white men who come to Africa pronouncing to carry progress and light to darkest Africa have themselves been denied of the approvals of their European social requests; they additionally have been estranged from the old inborn ways. Tossed upon their own inward profound assets they might be totally accursed by their ravenousness, their sloth, and their false reverence into moral unimportance, similar to the explorers, or they might be so degenerate by their supreme control over the Africans that some Marlow will require to lay their memory among the 'dead Cats of Civilization.' (Conrad 105.) The alleged reason for the Europeans going into Africa was to socialize the locals. Rather they colonized on the local's property what's more, ruined the locals. Africans bound with straps that contracted in the downpour and slice deep down, had their swollen hands beaten with rifle handles until they tumbled off. Binded slaves had to drink the white man's crap, hands and feet were slashed off for their rings, men were arranged behind one another and shot with one cartridge , injured detainees were eaten by slimy parasites till they kick the bucket and were then tossed to starving canines or ate up by barbarian clans. (Meyers 100.) Conrad's Journal validated the exactness of the conditions depicted in Heart of Darkness: the chain groups, the woods of death, the installment in metal bars, the savagery and the human skulls going back and forth posts. Conrad didn't misrepresent or develop the detestations that gave the political and helpful reason for his assault on expansionism. The Europeans removed the locals' property from them forcibly. They consumed their towns, took their property, and subjugated them. George Washington Williams expressed in his journal, Mr. Stanley should have made settlements with more than 400 local Kings and Chiefs, by which they gave up their rights to the dirt. But then a considerable lot of these individuals pronounce that they never made an arrangement with Stanley, or some other white man; their properties have been detracted from them forcibly, and they endure the best wrongs on account of the Belgians. (Conrad 87.) Conrad saw serious covetousness in the Congo. The Europeans back home saw else; they seen that the huge amounts of ivory and elastic being brought back home was an indication of deliberate lead in the Congo. Conrad's Heart of Obscurity referenced nothing about the exchanging of elastic. Conrad also, Marlow couldn't have cared less for ivory; they thought about the investigation into the darkest Africa. An artwork of a blindfolded lady conveying a lit light was talked about in the book. The foundation was dull, what's more, the impact of the light all over was vile. The oil painting speaks to the visually impaired and moronic ivory organization, falsely letting individuals accept that other than the ivory they were removing from the wilderness, they were, simultaneously, bringing light and progress to

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Values of Freedom and Liberty

The Values of Freedom and Liberty Free Online Research Papers Over the span of the improvement of western human progress, there have been shifting measures of political changes and upheavals that have come to shape the world as we probably am aware it. Themes that were of significance in the past are still similarly as essential to mull over during the current day, and spread out a basis on which we can keep on expanding upon so as to enable our cutting edge society to maintain a strategic distance from issues that have ascended before. In spite of the fact that there are various subjects that can be gotten from the authentic assessment of western culture, it is generally essential to take a gander at the topic of opportunity and correspondence, and how the unmistakable quality (or scarcity in that department) has been changing since path back previously, and how it keeps on changing into the current day. During the Age of Enlightenment, changes in speculation started to create. Individuals were beginning to take a gander at things from an increasingly basic perspective, just as starting to have an independent perspective. Because of this unexpected development of individual idea, there came an all the more substantial accentuation on the issues of opportunity and correspondence. Individuals started to scrutinize the things that were going on around them, and disappointment was ordinary as of now. It isn't as if the purposes of opportunity and balance were absent previously. This was only when individuals were starting to come out from the oppressive shell of their degenerate government, and practicing their entitlement to be heard. Individuals were starting to see that they reserved an option to equity, and the opportunity to state what they expected to state. Because of this, there was likewise a surfacing of philosophes and people that had no doubts of talking, for example, Francoi s Marie Arouet, broadly known as Voltaire. He talked uninhibitedly, scrutinizing matters of government and religion in an exceptionally wry and ironical manner. For instance, his book â€Å"Candide†, composing with a corrupt, ridiculing tone, utilized it’s characters, (for example, Professor Pangloss and Cunegonde) to completely caricaturize the idea of religion at that point. In spite of the fact that his depictions of society were not generally valued, they portrayed the right to speak freely that the residents were starting to appreciate about that time. One of the objectives of Voltaire’s reactions was the activities taken in the Calas case, just as the execution of Damien. The terrible measure of torment that was delivered upon these supposed culprits is a shining case of the absence of opportunity that individuals truly had around then. Voltaire was unequivocal in communicating his unfortunate aversion for this kind of whipping that the administration utilized. In any case, from these courses of occasions, the â€Å"Declaration of the Rights of Man† was drafted, endeavoring to advance the three essential qualities that the French Revolution depended on: Freedom, equity, and organization. In any case, even this archive was not safe to the propagation of disparity dependent on the use of the language in the report. In view of the wording, this record supported those with a higher standing or societal position, and concentrated on the extraordinary dissimilarity between the classes. The first archive kept up that partit ion, and was unjustifiably composed to support the high society. Notwithstanding, through the correction of article IV, which was changed to express that â€Å"†¦it must be the equivalent for all, regardless of whether it ensures or punishes† and furthermore that â€Å"All residents, being equivalent before it are similarly allowable to all open offices†¦and occupations, as per their ability, and without other qualification than that of temperances and talents†, greater balance was set up. Improvements kept on happening during this time, remembering the prompting of the Industrial Revolution for Europe. Extraordinary changes were happening, just as ladies getting ready to proceed to work in the manufacturing plants. Be that as it may, regardless of the review of the â€Å"Declaration of Rights of Man† and the progressions that were being embraced, there was still doubt harbored in the legislature as of now. John Stuart Mill, in his work â€Å"On Liberty†, discusses the contention among â€Å"Liberty and Authority†, or rather, the battle between the privileges of the individuals and the activities of the administration. He portrays similar focuses that I had referenced about the Age of Enlightenment and the rise of the voice of the individual, saying that a point came â€Å"†¦in the advancement of human undertakings, when men stopped to think it a need of nature that their governors ought to be a free force, restricted in enthusiasm to themsel ves†. Inside this timeframe of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution in Europe, opportunity and uniformity are two significant thoughts that should be mulled over while deciding the wellbeing and working of a general public. Be that as it may, these keep on being significant and regularly changing proceeding through western developments authentic past. With the emergence of patriotism and the unification of states, the presence and absence of opportunity and equity persistently influences the social orders at that point. From century to century, new turns of events, for example, changes in political structure including revolutionary ousts if oppressive governments keep on changing the ever-liquid suppositions and convictions on what opportunity and balance are, and the appearances of such inside the sociological circle. Uprising insurgencies of the 1840s, expansionism and colonialism of Europe, and the happening to the second mechanical upheaval are altogether factors that influence the positions of the regularly changing thoughts of opportunity and correspondence. The 1840s were a period of unrest, especially inside the European Nations. Nations were recovering their legacy and their feeling of solidarity. Patriotism was turning into a driving component in the thinking behind these transformations. Nationalistic estimation was taking European social orders, causing blasts in all spots where disappointment with political plan was blending. During this time, opportunity and uniformity were essential to those included. This point was a stage towards progressing in the direction of a less monarchistic method of government for all, and reconstructing the inadequate governments in nations where the political procedures were not helpful for the joy of the average citizens. In our Western Civilization course reading, for instance, Giuseppe Mazzini, attempting to impel the unification of the Italian countries, endeavored to cause a â€Å"awakening of the Italian individuals and of the regular people’s mission to carry republicanism to the world† . Wikipedia characterizes republicanism as the â€Å"ideology of overseeing a country as a republic, with an accentuation on freedom, rule by the individuals, and the metro uprightness rehearsed by citizens†. It is evident that substantial accentuation on opportunity and freedom for everything is a significant incentive during these occasions. Anyway as frontier an d imperialistic occasions started to slide, things changed definitely. During the â€Å"new† imperialistic and pioneer times, the heaviness of the estimation of opportunity and correspondence was not as critical. To additionally clarify, it appears just as opportunity and fairness were essential to the Europeans, however they didn't accept that with or without individuals from them merited these things. For instance, the facts confirm that it was inside the personal circumstance and advantage of the Europeans to go out and investigate, vanquish and convert. Rudyard Kipling, in his sonnet â€Å"The White Man’s Burden†, digs into this point, having confidence in the socializing and â€Å"westernizing† crucial the colonialists. The sonnet infers that it is to benefit all humankind when It expresses that â€Å"By open discourse and straightforward/And multiple times made plain/To look for another’s benefit/And work another’s gain†, just as they might be taking from one, however at long last progressing in the direction of the advancement of them also. In spite of the fact that it has been said that the adventurers and pioneers were on missions because of their conviction that success for them implied financial and formative increases for different pieces of the world, it is precise to state this was not really the situation. Composed 20 years after the fact, Edmund D. Morel bit of work entitled â€Å"The Black Man’s Burden†, which scrutinized the imperialistic propensities of Europe at the penance of the indigenous individuals, demonstrated how hindering the expansionism of this timeframe was for the eventual fate of Africa. It appears just as it was a period of autonomy and opportunity in Europe, however a period of mastery and oppression for any man, lady, or nation that wound up in its path of destruction. In the happening to the second modern upset, the conclusion turned out to be all the more deep down coordinated instead of the outer, ostensibly, conquistador-like assumption that was available for a while. Accordingly, there was an extremely substantial concentration and high popular sentiment about the estimations of opportunity and fairness. During this time, because of the progressions and movements in the modern segment, better approaches for intuition and perspectives started to develop. For instance, with the presentation of the â€Å"Manifesto of the Communist Party†, socialism was conceived. From the perspective of Marx, this was something that conceded opportunity from the bound political structure that the general public was as of now based upon. To him it was a superior arrangement, based after separating the dissimilarity between the classes, and engaging the common laborers. Marx was pessimistic about the result of private enterprise, and saw disappointment insid e its own fundamental structure. Unrests, dominion and expansionism, and industrialization are on the whole factors that changed and slanted the appearance of opportunity and balance before. Changes in political structure and strife between the classes and government were solid driving variables in inf

Friday, August 21, 2020

Thomas Hart Benton essays

Thomas Hart Benton articles Thomas Hart Benton is one of Americas most prestigious craftsmen. Benton was celebrated for his painting style and his wall paintings. Benton accepted that workmanship was a fantastic method to portray regular day to day existence for ordinary individuals in America. Benton was a victor of the individuals and opposed the rich and amazing. In spite of the fact that he examined the more current workmanship developments of the time, for example, cubism and innovation he immediately dropped those styles. Benton felt the more up to date craftsmanship styles were of no assistance to him in indicating life on the ranch and little networks as he experienced childhood in. Benton likewise felt the advanced craftsmanship styles were not coordinated to the regular individual. Benton believed that craftsmanship ought to be for ordinary individuals and mirror those people groups lives and ways of life. Benton was a man who held fast as should be obvious in his appearance on his Shelf Portrait. He was resolved to communicate his own particular manner. Later he turned out to be a piece of the workmanship development known as American Regionalism. Regionalists walked out on the theoretical style of the time. They decided to show the average citizens and their general surroundings. Different well known Regionalists incorporate Grant Wood and John Stewart Curry. Regionalists not just demonstrated their general surroundings, they likewise delineated chronicled occasions. Benton was conceived in Neosho, Missouri in 1889. He was the child of Congressman Maecerias E. Benton and the grandnephew of Missouris first representative, Thomas Hart Benton, for whom he was named. Benton got his first proper craftsmanship exercises from the Corcoran Gallery in Washington D.C. while his dad served in congress. Afterward, he went to the Chicago Art Institute, at that point at the Academic Julien in Paris, France. While in Paris, he examined the old bosses and turned out to be vigorously impacted by the style of El Greco. Benton at that point came back to the states to work in New York. There he went through quite a while keeping organization with any semblance of well known picture taker Alfred Stieglitz. ... <!

Sunday, June 14, 2020

Product Marketing Challenges in Argentina Colgate Case - 1100 Words

Product Marketing Challenges in Argentina: Colgate Case (Essay Sample) Content: Product Marketing Challenges in ArgentinaStudentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutional AffiliationIntroductionArgentina has a stable economic development that makes it strategic for business partnerships. Many countries have always considered partnering with Argentina because of its rich and diversified cultural practices. The country also has large majority of literate population driving industrialization and financial sector. Argentina also has stable government with strong financial backing. Argentina is also blessed with extensive natural resources such as minerals and large water bodies thus promoting industrialization. The country also participates in intensive agricultural activities meant for external markets. They export majority of their agricultural produce. Argentina has also in the past experiences uneven economic variances with major recession making the county not fit for both international and local business. Product marketing in Argentina has faced major chal lenges forcing Argentinaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s bilateral trade with other countries to be at a standstill.Product marketing challenges faced in ArgentinaSlower Economic Growth has derailed market penetration of some key products in country. This may largely because of the complex fiscal systems in the region. Argentina has the most complex taxation system that threatens development of both startup companies and old companies as well. The taxation system in the region mostly increases the cost of production making final product expensive hence loses customer loyalty. Customers in Argentina tend to shy away from such products which in the end lead to the collapse of such companies. An example of products that faced stiff challenges due to complex tax system is Colgate. The company having initially originated from the USA found tough taxation measures, which thwarted its operation. The tax complexity made Colgateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s operation in the region very difficult; leading to continuous loses due to slow penetration in the market (Stanford et al., 2004).The second product marketing challenge in Argentina is strong trust for local products. Since the country is fully developed and has capacity to produce goods and services to suffice its people, penetration of a new product from external markets does not marshal business strength. Most products used by the county are manufactured from within and the trust given to local products is meant to protect local industries and ensure their local industries produce excess goods and services to serve external market. The dynamic toothpaste industry in Argentina led to the falling of Colgate and rising of local products such as Kolynos. The Kolynos toothpaste has gained trust by the argentines forcing an upward increase of the production capacity, therefore leading to product export to the neighboring countries.The third complexity facing product marketing in Argentina is Language barrier. Argentina being one of the Latin America count ries has diverse languages such as Spanish, English and French. The Argentines are majorly known to speak Spanish, thus requiring translators, in case of marketing new products with foreign backgrounds. Colgateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s ability to penetrate the Argentine market was thwarted by major language barriers and conservative nature of Argentines. The Argentines believed in buying their own products that will not require translators in case of during purchase. The conservative culture of Argentines made it difficult to open up Colgateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s operations in the region. This was also contributed to by the unfriendly nature of the locals making products sales difficult and very expensive. Since the official language of argentines is Spanish, all business transaction and government requirements had to be drawn in Spanish, making it difficult for foreign ventures such as Colgate to pick up full operation in the region. For foreign businesses to smoothly operate in the region, they require an employee base with multilingual acumen to easily understand the conservative consumers in Argentina (Stallings and Peres, 2000).Another threat to the penetration of foreign products in Argentina is that the country has very tough measures that govern business operations. Foreign investments have difficulty in completing their registration to commence operation in the region. The tough and bureaucratic nature of dealing with foreign ventures made it difficult for Colgate to dominate the market. All the Colgate abilities were faced with tough government policies in the region. These included heavy taxation of the company forcing cost of production to be overwhelmingly high, restrictions in the markets to access, heavy permits by the local authorities on their daily operations and finally long periods taken by the government to process the company documents that allow commencement of operation in regions with potential customers. These restrictions were put by the Argentine governme nt to protect local industries and avoid any anticipated foreign dominance. Colgate ceased operation in major regions of Argentina because of poor publicity of their products by the government. The government believed that local industry had high potential of serving the market better than the foreign ventures. The policy put by the government that foreign companies must employ more than a third its locals to be awarded business permit, also affected Colgate market penetration. This is because they had to employ locals with conservative approach to marketing, which would not promote the culture expected by any foreign venture for their dominance (Wild et al., 2008).The fifth product marketing challenge is inflation in the country. Argentina has faces a series of inflations revolving close to four decades. Such inflationary challenges affected the financial sector in Argentina. The uneven nature of inflation in the region has destabilized the market making money to lose its meaning. This led to the high costs of Colgateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s operation in the region since most of its core resources were imported thus becoming expensive to the company. The inflation caused the cost of purchasing company raw materials, both in Argentina and from forei...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development and Occupational...

Erik Erikson was one the founding figures in naming the human’s developmental stages. He stemmed his research off of his own life experiences. Today we use his framework for helping diagnose those with injuries with the best treatment possible. He was the person who coined the term â€Å"identity crisis† that we so often hear of today. In this paper I will first describe Erikson’s life and all his research, and then I will relate his work to occupational therapy. Biography Erik Erikson was born on June 15, 1902 in Frankfurt, Germany. According to his obituary that appeared in The New York Times, his parents were separated before he was born due to the fact that he was the result of an affair. He never met his birth father. His mother was†¦show more content†¦This stage occurs within the first year of life and when the baby begins to develop feelings for its primary caregiver. If the baby receives consistent care and feels that their caregiver is reliable, then they will be able to feel secure. Succession of this stage helps the baby develop a sense of hope. By developing hope, the baby can stay positive whenever a crisis happens in their life. If the baby fails to develop this sense of hope, then the baby will learn to sense fear throughout their life. This type of fear will lead the baby to live a life full of insecurities and anxiety (McLeod, 2008). The second stage is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. This is when the child is developing its p hysical characteristics and begins moving around more. This stage occurs between the ages of 18 months and three years old. During this stage, the child will start to assert their independence by picking out what clothes they are going to wear or what they are going to eat, etc. As they begin to do things on their own they discover that they have skills, such as tying their shoes or putting their toys together, etc. According to Erikson, it is critical that the parents at this time allow their child to explore the world and figure out their limits with encouragement and support them when they inevitably fail. During this crucial time, the parent must not intervene too much in their child’s life and allow the child to make their own decisionsShow MoreRelatedThe Occupation Of Gardening And Its Therapeutic Benefits For Children5855 Words   |  24 Pagesgardening as a therapeutic tool in occupational therapy date back to Hartwell (1933). It provides opportunities for social inc lusion which is a central component in well-being (Grabbe et al 2013). As healthcare has developed over the last few hundred years so has the understanding that gardening is therapeutic (Wilcock 2001). Today there is an established evidence base which supports the theory that gardening has significant therapeutic benefits, across all stages of the lifecycle, promoting recoveryRead MoreGlass Castle Essay2762 Words   |  12 PagesAssignment the Glass Castle A. Jeannette Walls, in her memoir The Glass Castle, demonstrates Erikson’s eight stages of development. Through the carefully recounted stories of her childhood and adolescence, we are able to trace her development from one stage to the next. While Walls struggles through some of the early developmental stages, she inevitably succeeds and has positive outcomes through adulthood. The memoir itself is not only the proof that she is successful and productive in middle adulthoodRead MoreThe Physical Therapist ( Pt ) Essay1847 Words   |  8 Pagesat home. The rest of the session consisted of Katie practicing walking side-to-side and transitioning from the floor up to the bridge. 2. This observation took place in the gym with Peter, a 9-year-old boy who has been diagnosed with ADHD. The Occupational Therapist (OT), Peter and I put together an obstacle course for Peter to go through. It began with the trapeze bar, then transitioned to the saddle swing, then to the bolster swing and lastly to the balance beam where he had to throw bean bagsRead MoreMID TERM STUDY GUIDE Essay16611 Words   |  67 Pagesdifferent principles of counseling for children than adults. d. None of the above. 9. Possibly the most important outcome for counseling occurs when a client: (17) a. is able to cope with the stresses and conflicts of his or her growth and development. b. feels good about himself or herself, resulting in positive self esteem. c. has a feeling of love and belonging. d. learns how to be his/her own counselor. *** 10. Children bring three pieces of information to the counseling session. ThatRead MoreActivity Theory of Aging Essay4128 Words   |  17 PagesRUNNING HEAD: ACTIVITY THEORY Activity Theory of Aging Long Island University-C.W. Post Campus Jennifer L. Bifulco Throughout this semester we have come across many psychological and social theories. From Vaillant’s aging well, to Erikson’s life stages, to Leont’ev’s activity theory, there is a lot to learn and to understand. For the purpose of this paper, I am going to focus on the Activity Theory of aging. After some thorough research on this topic I was able to come up with some greatRead MoreNursing Care Pl Nursing3029 Words   |  13 Pagesincluding bile that is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. (WebMD, 2015) Erikson’s Developmental Stage with Rationales (with APA citation) Socioeconomic/Cultural/Spiritual Orientation Psychosocial Considerations Erik Erikson was psychologist that proposed a life span development chart that has eight stages starting from infant going all the way to maturity levels. The sevenths stage called Generativity vs. Stagnation falls under the age range of N.L. He refers to at as middle-agedRead MoreAfrican American Daughters And Non Residential Fathers : A Qualitative Exploration9462 Words   |  38 Pagesa better understanding of the external and internal factors that can and will affect the father-daughter relationship. Some scholars have argued the notion that fathers are important contributors to their children and adolescents’ psychosocial development (Mandara, Murray, Joyner, 2005). According to Allgood, Beckert, and Peterson (2012), researchers are beginning to understand the importance of examining children’s perspectives and the relationships and levels of involvement children have with

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Reflecting on Religion in Literature - 1925 Words

I am a Religious Studies major; therefore, learning about religion is a genuine interest of mine. In addition, from my first anthropology class, Introduction to Anthropology 103, learning about different cultures and people who may or may not be different from myself became an interest. Anthropology of Religion provides me with the best of both worlds. Not only do I get the opportunity to learn about different religious practices such as Tiwah among the Ngaju but how to anthropologically examine snake handlers in the Appalachians. One issue remains concerning the definition of religion. The semester began with us using theorists and their theories to construct a definition of religion. However, due to how convoluted religion is we changed†¦show more content†¦Rane Willerslev expands our understanding of religion base on his ethnographic study of the Yukaghirs. Soul Hunters expand my understanding of religion and anthropology on a whole because it demonstrates the areas in wh ich religion, society, and anthropology connects. Willerslev’s idea of â€Å"not an animal, not not an animal† causes one to respond in awe and to question his logic. However, one quickly understands what he means. There is a place mentally where a person can be two different things without losing sight of who he is. Willerslev explains this when he introduce Old Spridon who mimics an elk to the point where Willerslev is confused as to who he is sees, Old Spridon or an elk. Willerslev uses this analogy to introduce his main point of liminality. Willerslev states it best when he writes, â€Å"it was not that Spridon has stopped being human. Rather, he had a liminal quality: he was not an elk, and yet he was also not not an elk. He was occupying a strange place in between human and nonhuman identities† (Willerslev 2). What appears to be strange is not strange in retrospect. Willerslev illustrates that humans, animals, and gods are similar because one is able to mi mic the other. In reference to religious practices, he shows that Yukaghirs who practice animism are not different from westerners who practice Christianity because both get to be something other than who they are. In fact, all humans are theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Attitudes Toward Love in French literature838 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the centuries, literature has provided a way to express oneself, while at the same time, allowing the reader to experience a different kind of life through the stories. As a creation of humans, literature tends to reflect the ideals and thoughts of its writer, while also providing a glimpse into the society, in which the writer penned the story. 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10 page update on The Netherlands Essay Example For Students

10 page update on The Netherlands Essay The Netherlands is low-lying country in western Europe located west of Germany and north of Belgium. According to a 1993 estimate, the Netherlands had a population of 15,224,942. The overall population density was about 449 persons per sq km (about 1162 per sq mi) which makes it one of the most densely populated countries in the world. About 89 percent of the population live in urban areas. The largest cities are Amsterdam (population, 1992 estimate, 713,407), the countrys capital; Rotterdam (589,707), one of the worlds leading seaports; The Hague (445,287), the nations seat of government; and Utrecht (232,705), a manufacturing hub. The official language of the Netherlands is Dutch, which is spoken throughout the country. The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of government operating under an 1812 constitution with amendments. The hereditary monarch, who has had little power in running the government since the constitution was revised in 1848, acts a s the head of the state while the principal executive official of the country is the prime minister. He is appointed by the monarch and heads a cabinet that is responsible to the States-General (legislature). The Dutch parliament, called the States-General, consists of a First Chamber, composed of 75 members elected to terms of up to six years by the provincial legislatures, and a Second Chamber, made up of 150 members popularly elected to terms of up to four years under a system of proportional representation. Either or both chambers may be dissolved by the monarch on condition that new elections be held within 40 days. The Second Chamber is by far the more important of the two; the First Chamber has little more than a rarely exercised veto power over the legislative process. The Netherlands uses systems of proportional representation in electing municipal, provincial, and national assemblies. This allows even small political parties to win a seat. In the 1986 Second Chamber electi ons, for example, more than 25 parties took part and nine won seats. On the national level, the Netherlands has always been governed by coalitions of parties, the formation of which has often proved difficult. However, one such coalition was formed in 1994 between the PvdA (Labor), VVD (Conservative Liberals), and D66 (Social Liberals). The PvdA and VVD are parties that have both been around for quite some time. What made the 1994 election so big was the defeat of the CDA (Christian Democrats) by D66. This combination of parties proved to be quite advantageous to the Netherlands. It was the first government since 1917, when the suffrage was extended to all male adults, without Christian Democrats (Van der Brug 179). During the reign of this coalition, the economy of the Netherlands soared. Consumer spending increased and unemployment decreased to a low of 5 percent in the first quarter of 1998 There is no such doubt about the performance of the Dutch economy. Gross domestic product (GDP) has expanded strongly in the last two years by 2.7 percent in 1996 and 3.4 per cent in 1997- and analysts expect GDP Growth to be even higher in 1998 (Mottershaw 9). With all of the economic growth that happening in the Netherlands, one would assume that the elections of 1998 would keep the same coalition together. However, in a multiparty system such as the Netherlands, things are never that simple. Governing parties may be collaborating partners in coalition, but, in the run-up to the election they increasingly become opponents competing for votes (Van der Brug 180). This competition for votes is exactly what took place in the 1998 elections. The popularity of the prime minister Wim Kok and his party, PvdA, won the party more seats which were taken from the D66. D66 also gave up some seats to other small parties such as the Socialist Party and the Green Left. The results of this recent election have caused a major stir in the country and around the world. Since the purple c oalition was created in 1994 D66 has played a pivotal role, bridging the gap between the two main parties. 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